In this section we will present a summary of External Conditions, which can critically influence learning of the Five Major Varieties of Learning outcomes.

1. Verbal Information
e.g. Learning the alphabet

• Draw attention to distinctive features by variations in print or speech
• Present information so that it can be made into chunks
• Provide a meaningful context for effective encoding of information
• Provide cues for effective recall and generalization of information
  

2. Intellectual Skills
e.g. Addition and subtraction

• Call attention to distinctive features
• Stay within the limits of working memory
• Stimulate the recall of previously learned component skills
• Present verbal cues Schedule occasions for practice and review
• Use a variety of contexts to promote transfer

3. Cognitive Strategies
e.g. inductive and deductive reasoning; exploring the action of a magnet

• Describe or show the strategy
• Provide a variety of occasions for practice using the strategy
• Provide information feedback

4. Attitudes
e.g. How one feels about reading a book

• Establish an expectancy of success associated with the desired attitude
• Assure student identification with an admired human model
• Arrange for communication or demonstration of choice of personal action
• Give feedback for successful performance; or allow observation of feedback in the human model

5. Motor Skills
e.g. fastening buttons or performing a triple off the diving board

• Present verbal or other guidance to cue the execute sub-routine
• Arrange repeated practice
• Furnish immediate feedback as to the accuracy of performance
• Encourage the use of mental practice

In the next section we will study Gagné's Nine events of instruction, which correlate to and address the conditions of learning.

Sources
1. Gagne & Driscoll, Essentials of learning for Instruction (2nd Ed.)